New words：

arise/əˈraɪz/

v. （问题、困难、矛盾）出现，产生
v. （正式）起身，起立；升起
不规则变化：过去式 arose，过去分词 arisen，现在分词 arising

详细词源拆解：

前缀 a-（加强语义）+ 词根 rise（升起、出现），古英语本义 “向上起身”。
词义演变：起身、升起 → （问题、困难、局面）自然出现、产生；（情绪、感觉）浮现。

词汇家族

arise (v. 出现；起身) → arising (adj. 新兴的；正在出现的)

必记高频搭配

arise from 由…… 引起 / 产生

Many problems arise from careless daily habits.

difficulties arise 困难产生

Unexpected difficulties may arise on our way forward.

questions arise 产生疑问

Some new questions arise after we read the text.

arising (adj. 正在出现的)

We need to deal with those arising problems in time.

关键使用提醒

1. 不规则变形： arise → arose（过去式）→ arisen（过去分词），易记混
2. 不及物动词，后面不直接接宾语，常搭配介词 from
3. 使用场景：多搭配 problem / trouble / question / conflict 等抽象事物，少指实物升起

4. 书面语体：正式程度高于普通词汇，写作中替换 appear 提升文采

   New challenges arise as we move into a new term.

New words：

participate/pɑːrˈtɪsɪpeɪt/ v. 参加；参与（活动、赛事、讨论等）

详细词源拆解：

前缀 par-（部分、分担） + 词根 capere（拿、参与） + 后缀 -ate（动词后缀）；
本义 “分担一部分、加入其中”。
词义演变：分担事务 → 参加活动、参与某事。

词汇家族

participate (v. 参与，参加)
→ participant (n. 参与者，参加者)
→ participation (n. 参与，参与度)

必记高频搭配

participate in activities 参加活动

All students should participate in outdoor school activities.

participate in games 参与游戏

Many kids participate in fun games on the playground.

participate in a contest 参加比赛

She decides to participate in the school singing contest.

participant (n. 参与者)

Every participant must try their best in this match.

participation (n. 参与)

Your active participation makes our activity more wonderful.

关键使用提醒

1. 固定用法：participate in + 活动 / 事件，介词 in 不可省略
2. 语体区分：比 take part in 更正式，适合书面写作、正式场景

3. 常用副词搭配：actively participate 积极参与，写作高频组合

   We actively participate in all kinds of school competitions.
   我们积极参加各类校内竞赛。

New words：

approach /əˈprəʊtʃ/

n.方法；接近；路径；道路
v.接近；建议；接洽；着手处理

详细词源拆解：

前缀 ap-（加强语气，同 ad-） + 词根 proch（靠近，源自拉丁语 prope 近的）
本义：一步步靠近、走近；
词义延伸：① 走近、临近 ② 着手处理问题 ③ 解决问题的方法、途径。

词汇家族

approach (v./n. 靠近；方法)
→ approachable (adj. 易接近的；平易近人的)

必记高频搭配

approach sb/sth 走近某人/某物

He slowly approached the desk and began his speech.

approach a problem 处理问题

We learn how to approach difficult problems wisely.

a new approach 一种新方法

He finds a new approach to learning English well.

approach to … 的方法 / 通路

This is a good approach to our daily study tasks.

approachable (adj. 平易近人的)

Our head teacher is friendly and easy approachable for us.

关键使用提醒

1. 名词固定搭配：approach to + 名词 / 动名词 (doing)，to 是介词，不可接动词原形

   例句：This is a useful approach to improving your listening skills.
   翻译：这是提升听力能力的实用方法。

2. 动词用法：可指人、物体、时间、节日等 “临近”，书面口语皆常用

   例句：The Spring Festival is approaching and we feel very happy.
   翻译：春节越来越近，我们内心都十分欢喜。

3. 词义区分：表 “方法” 时，正式程度高于 way，写作优先选用

   例句：Teachers share useful approaches for exam preparation.
   翻译：老师分享了实用的备考方法。

New words：

embarrass /ɪmˈbærəs/ v. 使尴尬；使难堪；使窘迫；使为难

详细词源拆解：

前缀 em-（进入、使变得） + 词根 bar（阻碍、困住） + 后缀 -ass；
本义 “使陷入窘境、受束缚”，引申为使人局促、难为情。

词汇家族

embarrass (v. 使尴尬)
→ embarrassed (adj.（人）感到尴尬的)
→ embarrassing (adj.（事 / 物）令人尴尬的)
→ embarrassment (n. 尴尬；窘迫的场面)

必记高频搭配

embarrass sb in public 当众使某人难堪

Do not embarrass your classmates in public at any time.

feel embarrassed 感到尴尬（动词用法延伸）

A small mistake may embarrass you in front of others.

embarrass oneself 使自己难堪

Don't talk too much or you will embarrass yourself.

embarrassed (adj. 感到尴尬的)

She felt quite embarrassed when she forgot her lines.

embarrassing (adj. 令人尴尬的)

That embarrassing moment still stays in my mind now.

embarrassment (n. 尴尬)

Her face turned red with great embarrassment at once.

关键使用提醒

1. 词形变化：过去式 / 过去分词 embarrassed，现在分词 embarrassing
2. 主语区分：人作主语，表 “自己感到尴尬”；事物 / 行为作主语，表 “令人尴尬”

3. 常用句式：It embarrasses sb to do sth 做某事使某人尴尬

   It embarrasses me to speak loudly in a quiet library.

New words：

vitality /vaɪˈtæləti/ n. 活力；生命力；生机 不可数名词

Sample Sentences

Green plants bring much vitality to our classrooms.
The vitality of flowers fades slowly in hot dry weather.
Young kids are full of vitality in the playground every day.