New words：

sincere [sɪnˈsɪr]
adj. 形容词

(情感、言语、人）真诚的，诚挚的，真心实意的
发自内心的，不虚伪的

详细词源拆解：

源自拉丁语 sincerus，原义 “无杂质、纯净的”；引申为人内心纯粹、不虚伪，真诚恳切。

词汇家族

sincere (adj. 真诚的)
→ sincerely (adv. 真诚地；谨启，书信结尾敬语)
→ sincerity (n. 真诚，诚挚)

必记高频搭配

sincere apology 诚恳的道歉

He wrote a sincere apology to his deskmate.

sincere thanks 由衷的感谢

I send my sincere thanks to all my teachers.

sincerely (adv. 真诚地；由衷地；谨上)

I sincerely hope you will have a wonderful holiday.

sincerity (n. 真诚，诚恳)

Her sincerity makes everyone trust her completely.

关键使用提醒

1. 书信写作万能结尾：Yours sincerely，用于正式信件落款

   Yours sincerely, Li Hua
   谨启，李华

2. 修饰对象：常修饰 smile、apology、thanks、wish、friendship、person

   His sincere wish moved all the audience.
   他真挚的心愿打动了全场观众。

3. 反义词：insincere adj. 虚伪的，不诚恳的

   I hate his insincere empty words.
   我讨厌他那些虚伪空洞的话语。

4. 副词 sincerely 放在动词前修饰动作，表 “真心地”

   I sincerely believe you can pass the exam.
   我真心相信你能够通过这次考试。

New words：

lame /leɪm/
adj. 形容词

跛的，瘸的；腿脚不便的
（借口、理由、笑话）蹩脚的，无说服力的，差劲的

v. 动词

使跛；使致残；使行动困难

详细词源拆解：

古英语原生词，本义腿脚受伤、行动不便；
后引申形容借口、理由、段子蹩脚、站不住脚。

词汇家族

lame (adj. 跛的；蹩脚的 /v. 使致残)
→ lamely (adv. 跛地；牵强地)
→ lameness (n. 跛足；蹩脚，无说服力)

必记高频搭配

使跛；使致残；使行动困难

A fall lamed the old man for several months.

lame excuse 蹩脚的借口

Stop using lame excuses when you forget your homework.

lame joke 冷笑话、不好笑的段子

He told a lame joke that no one laughed at.

lame animal 腿脚受伤的动物

The lame dog walks slowly with a hurt leg.

lamely (adv. 跛地；牵强地)

He lamely explained why he failed the test.

lameness (n. 蹩脚；腿脚不便)

Everyone noticed the lameness of his excuse.
所有人都听出他的借口十分站不住脚。

关键使用提醒

1. 口语高频贬义用法：lame 形容借口、点子、段子，是日常阅读高频考点

   This plan is too lame to carry out.
   这个方案漏洞太多，根本没法执行。

2. 形容人 “腿脚残疾” 正式场合优先用 disabled，lame 偏口语，略显不礼貌

   错误：The lame student sits beside me.
   优化：The disabled student sits beside me.
   翻译：那位身有残疾的同学坐在我旁边。

3. 动词 lame 多用于被动或过去式，侧重意外造成行动不便

   例句：He was lamed by a traffic accident last year.
   翻译：去年一场车祸让他落下腿脚残疾。

4. 副词 lamely 修饰动词，表 “牵强地、磕磕绊绊地”

   例句：She lamely tried to hide her mistake.
   翻译：她牵强地试图掩盖自己的错误。

New words：

review /rɪˈvjuː/
v. 动词

复习（功课、知识点）
审查；检查；审核
评论（电影、书籍、演出）
回顾；回想

n. 名词

复习；温习
审查；审核
书评；影评；评论文章
回顾；总结

详细词源拆解：

前缀 re-（再次、重新）+ view（看），字面义 “再看一遍”。

词义演变：

重新翻看书本 → 复习；
重新查看事物 → 审查、检阅；
看完作品发表看法 → 评论、影评。

词汇家族

review (v./n. 复习；审查；评论)
→ reviewer (n. 评论员；评审人)
→ reviewing (n. 复习；评审)

必记高频搭配

review lessons 复习功课

We review lessons to get ready for the test.

book / movie review 书评 / 影评

I write a short movie review for class.

review the plan 审核方案

The head teacher will review our activity plan.

a quick review 快速复习；简略审核

Do a quick review before handing in your paper.

reviewer (n. 评论员，评审者)

The book reviewer thinks this story is wonderful.

关键使用提醒

1. 区分英美用词：美式多用 review 表复习；英式常用 revise

   I review my history every evening.（美式）
   我每晚复习历史。

2. 名词复数：review 表多篇评论、多次复习时变复数 reviews

   There are many reviews about this new novel.
   有许多关于这本新小说的评论。

3. 固定搭配写作高频：do a review of sth 复习 / 回顾某物

   We do a review of grammar before the exam.
   考前我们复习一遍语法。

4. 一词多义做题技巧：结合场景判断词义

   学习场景 = 复习；
   文书工作 = 审核；
   影视书籍 = 评论。

New words：

bearable /ˈberəbl/ adj. 可忍受的；承受得住的

必记高频搭配

1. make sth bearable 使某事尚可忍受

   Music makes long trips more bearable for us.

2. 反义词：unbearable 无法忍受的，考试高频成对记忆

   The pain was unbearable at first, now bearable.
   起初剧痛难忍，现在已经好多了。

3. 修饰对象：多修饰 pain、heat、noise、sadness、pressure 等负面感受

   The light pressure on my arm is bearable.
   手臂轻微的压迫感可以忍受。

4. 副词变形 bearably，用于修饰形容词

   The weather is bearably cool today.
   今天天气凉爽宜人，完全不难受。

5. 句式常用：make sth bearable 使…… 变得可以忍受，写作好用句型

   Friends’ company makes loneliness bearable.
   朋友的陪伴消解孤单。

New words：

bear /ber/ v. 承受；忍受；生育，生（孩子）；承担责任

必记高频搭配

bear fruit 结果实；取得成果；产生成效
Hard work will bear fruit in the end.

bear in mind = 记住，牢记

Bear in mind that exams are next week.
Thank you for your advice - I'll bear it in mind.

bear with me = 请耐心听我说 / 请稍等

Bear with me, I'm almost done.
Please bear with me while I find the document.

bear pain 忍受痛苦

He could not bear the pain in his leg.

bear responsibility 承担责任

We must bear responsibility for our mistakes.

关键使用提醒

写作替代：

把 remember 换成 bear in mind​
把 succeed 换成 bear fruit