New words:

academy [əˈkædəmi] n. 学院;专科院校;学会;研究院

源自希腊语 “Akadēmía”(阿卡德米,古希腊哲学家柏拉图讲学的园林)
后逐渐衍生为 “专门从事学术研究、技能培训的机构”,核心语义围绕 “学术性、专业性、针对性” 展开。

必记搭配:

固定结构(必背):

academy of + 领域:academy of sciences(科学院)、academy of art(艺术学院)、academy of music(音乐学院)
专有名词 + academy:Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院)

场景搭配:

dance/football/music academy(舞蹈 / 足球 / 音乐学院)
technical/professional academy(技术 / 职业专科院校)
join/attend an academy(加入 / 就读一所学院)
graduate from an academy(从某学院毕业)

固定短语:

Academy Awards(奥斯卡金像奖,专有名词,首字母大写)
military academy(军事学院)

Sample Sentences:

She studies dance at a famous academy in New York.
After high school, she went to a nursing academy to become a nurse.


易混词辨析(academy school college university institute)

New words:

former [ˈfɔrmər] adj. 过去的;以前的;昔日的;(两者中)前者的

核心词根:form ,意为 “形状、形式、模式
former 由 “具有先前形式的” 逐渐衍生出 “过去曾有某种身份 / 状态的
核心语义围绕 “时间上的先前” 或 “两者中的前者” 展开

latter [ˈlætər] adj.(两者中)后者的;后面的

源自拉丁语 “later”(意为 “后者的、较后的”)
核心语义围绕 “时间上的后来” 或 “两者中的后者” 展开
与 “former”(前者的、先前的)形成严格对应,语义单一且明确。

必记搭配:

过去的 / 前任的

former teacher/classmate(以前的老师 / 同学)、former president/manager(前总统 / 前经理)
former home/hometown(以前的家 / 家乡)、former job(以前的工作)
前者的:the former...the latter...(前者… 后者…,固定搭配)

名词搭配:

former + of + 名词(… 的前任 / 前者,如 “the former of the two teams” 两支队伍中的前者)
ex- 和 former 同义替换(如 ex-boyfriend = former boyfriend,前者更口语化,后者更正式)

Sample Sentences:

My former teacher now works in another school.
He likes reading and playing sports. The former helps him learn, the latter keeps him healthy.


易混词辨析(former latter previous ex-)

New words:

suburb [ˈsʌˌbɜrb] n. 郊区;城外;近郊;郊外

由前缀 sub-(在… 下方 / 周边) + 词根 urb-(城市,源自拉丁语 “urbs”)构成,字面意思是 “城市周边的区域”,核心语义围绕 “城市外围的居住区” 展开。

suburban [səˈbɜrbən] adj. 郊区的;城外的;

由名词 “suburb”(郊区) + 形容词后缀 “-an”(表 “与… 相关的、属于… 的”)构成,字面意思是 “属于郊区的”,核心语义围绕 “城市郊区的、具有郊区特征的” 展开。

必记搭配:

live in the suburbs(住在郊区)
suburban area(郊区,= suburb)
suburban neighborhood(城郊社区)

Sample Sentences:

My family lives in a suburb of Beijing.
Do you prefer living in the city or the suburbs?
Suburban streets are usually wider than city streets.


易混词辨析(urban rural suburban)

New words:

urban [ˈɜrbən] adj.城市的;都市的;市区的

源自拉丁语 “urbanus”,源自 “urbs”(意为 “城市”),核心语义围绕 “城市的、与城市相关的” 展开,无其他延伸义,语义单一且明确。

rural [ˈrʊrəl] adj.乡村的;农村的;乡下的

源自拉丁语 “ruralis”,源自 “rus”(意为 “乡村、田野”),核心语义围绕 “农村的、乡村的、与乡村相关的” 展开,语义单一明确,无其他延伸义。

必记搭配:

urban area(城市地区)、urban life(都市生活)、urban population(城市人口)

urban and rural areas(城市和农村地区)、urban problem(城市问题,如交通拥堵、污染等)

rural development(农村发展)、rural education(农村教育)、rural healthcare(农村医疗)


Sample Sentences:

Many people move to urban areas for better jobs.
Many young people leave rural areas to work in cities.
The urban population is growing faster than the rural population.


New words:

league [liɡ] n. 联赛;联盟;(质量、能力等的)等级,级别,水平

源自古法语 “ligue”,源自拉丁语 “ligare”(意为 “捆绑、连接”)

核心语义围绕 “将人 / 组织连接在一起” 展开,延伸为 “联盟、社团

后又衍生出 “体育联赛”(由多个球队组成的组织)和 “等级差距”(因能力 / 地位不同而形成的 “隔阂”)。


必记搭配:

联盟 / 社团

international league(国际联盟)、league of nations(国际联盟,专有名词)、form a league(成立联盟)

体育联赛

football league(足球联赛)、basketball league(篮球联赛)、national league(全国联赛)、win the league(赢得联赛冠军)

等级差距

in a different league(不是一个档次)、in a higher/lower league(更高 / 低档次)、own league(独一档)

Sample Sentences:

The NBA is the top basketball league in the world.
The United Nations is an international league for peace.
His English skills are in a different league — no one can match him.