New words：

embarrass /ɪmˈbærəs/ v. 使尴尬；使难堪；使窘迫；使为难

详细词源拆解：

前缀 em-（进入、使变得） + 词根 bar（阻碍、困住） + 后缀 -ass；
本义 “使陷入窘境、受束缚”，引申为使人局促、难为情。

词汇家族

embarrass (v. 使尴尬)
→ embarrassed (adj.（人）感到尴尬的)
→ embarrassing (adj.（事 / 物）令人尴尬的)
→ embarrassment (n. 尴尬；窘迫的场面)

必记高频搭配

embarrass sb in public 当众使某人难堪

Do not embarrass your classmates in public at any time.

feel embarrassed 感到尴尬（动词用法延伸）

A small mistake may embarrass you in front of others.

embarrass oneself 使自己难堪

Don't talk too much or you will embarrass yourself.

embarrassed (adj. 感到尴尬的)

She felt quite embarrassed when she forgot her lines.

embarrassing (adj. 令人尴尬的)

That embarrassing moment still stays in my mind now.

embarrassment (n. 尴尬)

Her face turned red with great embarrassment at once.

关键使用提醒

1. 词形变化：过去式 / 过去分词 embarrassed，现在分词 embarrassing
2. 主语区分：人作主语，表 “自己感到尴尬”；事物 / 行为作主语，表 “令人尴尬”

3. 常用句式：It embarrasses sb to do sth 做某事使某人尴尬

   It embarrasses me to speak loudly in a quiet library.

New words：

vitality /vaɪˈtæləti/ n. 活力；生命力；生机 不可数名词

Sample Sentences

Green plants bring much vitality to our classrooms.
The vitality of flowers fades slowly in hot dry weather.
Young kids are full of vitality in the playground every day.

New words：

vital/ˈvaɪtl/

adj. 至关重要的，必不可少的
adj. 充满生机的，鲜活的

详细词源拆解：

词根 viv/vit=life 生命（与 vivid、vitality 同词根，源自拉丁语 vita 生命）；
后缀 - al 形容词后缀，表 “和生命相关的”。

联想：维生素（Vitamin）也是从 vita 来 → 维持生命必需的 → 所以 vital 就是“生命攸关的，极其重要的”。

词义演变：维系生命必不可少的→至关重要的；富有生命力的。

词汇家族

vivid → vital (adj.) → vitality (n. 活力) → vitally (adv.)

必记高频搭配

充满活力的（形容人或事物的状态）

She came back from the trip looking vital and relaxed.

It is vital to do sth 做某事至关重要

It is vital to check answers carefully before handing papers.

it is vital (that) + 从句 做某事极其重要（从句常用虚拟语气 should + 动词原形，或直接用动词原形）

It is vital that you (should) arrive on time.

be vital to/for sth 对…… 必不可少，to 更常用

Fresh water is vital to all living things on our planet.

vitally (adv. 极其，紧要地)

It is vitally important to finish daily homework on time.

New words：

vividness /ˈvɪvɪdnəs/ n. 生动性；生动逼真；色泽鲜艳度；鲜活感

必记高频搭配

I still remember the vividness of the scene in his old story.

The painting wins praise for the vividness of its bright colours.

We add small details to improve the vividness of our short essay.

关键使用提醒

1. 作文加分：替换普通 energy，描写景物、人文场景

Green plants bring natural vitality to our crowded city streets.

New words：

vivid /ˈvɪvɪd/
adj.（描述、回忆）生动形象的、栩栩如生的
adj.（颜色）鲜艳亮丽的

详细词源拆解：

词根 viv = 生命、活着（live 同源），拉丁语原形 vivus（鲜活的、有生命力的）；
词义演变：富有生命力 → 色彩鲜亮；画面鲜活 → 描述生动逼真。
同根联动：vivid (adj. 生动的) → vitality (n. 活力) → survive (v. 存活) → revive (v. 复苏)

词汇家族

vivid (adj. 生动的)
→ vividly (adv. 生动地)
→ vividness (n. 生动；鲜艳)
→ vitality (n. 活力)
→ survive (v. 存活)
→ revive (v. 复苏)

必记高频搭配

vivid memory 清晰鲜活生动的回忆

I still have vivid memories of playing with my childhood pals.
He gave a vivid description of the event.

vivid colours 鲜亮的色彩

The butterfly has vivid colours on its thin beautiful wings.

vividly (adv. 生动地；鲜明地)

The old man vividly tells us stories about his young days.

关键使用提醒

1. 修饰对象：可修饰文字、回忆、色彩、画面，不能直接修饰人活泼

   His vivid report helps us know more about countryside life.
   他生动的汇报让我们更加了解乡村生活。

2. 写作高分词：替换 good/good-looking，提升作文文采

   The vivid scenery in the novel leaves a deep impression on me.
   小说里鲜活的景致给我留下深刻印象。