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New words:

subjective /səbˈdʒektɪv/ adj. 主观的;个人意愿的;凭个人感情的

详细词源拆解:

词根 subject 主体、受支配的人 + 形容词后缀 -ive;
词源本义:从人自身内心出发的,不是客观外在事实,引申为主观的、个人看法的、凭感觉的。
反义词:objective 客观的

词汇家族

subject(n. 科目;主题;主语;主体)→ subjective(adj. 主观的)
subjective → subjectively(adv. 主观地)
subjective → object(n. 物体)→ objective(adj. 客观的)

必记高频搭配

subjective opinion 主观看法

Your subjective opinion cannot stand for all people.

subjective feeling 主观感受

We should not only follow our subjective feeling.

subjective judgment 主观判断

Don’t make subjective judgment without real facts.

subjective idea 主观想法

Try not to judge others by subjective idea alone.

关键使用提醒

  1. 中考 / 阅读必记反义词:

    subjective 主观的 ↔ objective 客观的
  2. 多用于议论文、阅读推理,形容看法、判断、评价。

    A good decision should not be only subjective.
    一个好的决定不能只凭主观臆断。
  3. 词根关联:subject 科目 / 主题 → subjective 主观的,一起记忆更省力。

New words:

process [prəˈses]

n. 过程;进程;步骤
v. 加工;处理;办理

详细词源拆解:

源自拉丁语 procedere,pro- 向前 + cess 走,本义 “向前行进、一步步往前走”
引申为过程、进程;再延伸出加工、处理、办理的动词含义。
同根词:progress、proceed。

词汇家族

process → procession(n. 队伍;游行)
process → processor(n. 处理器;加工者)
process → processed(adj. 经过加工的)

Sample Sentences

process (n. 过程)

Growing up is a long and meaningful process for every child.

process (v. 处理;加工)

Factories process fresh fruit into different kinds of sweet snacks.

processed (adj. 加工过的)

Processed meat is not very good for our physical health.

关键使用提醒

  1. 固定短语 in the process of doing sth 考试高频,表 “在做某事的过程中”。

    She is in the process of preparing for the coming exam.
  2. processed food 阅读理解常考:加工食品。

New words:

sum /sʌm/

n. 总和;总数;金额
v. 总结;概括

详细词源拆解:

源自拉丁语 summa(总数、最高点),本义指把零散数字合在一起的总数、总和;
后引申为概括、总结,词形和词义都简单好记,同根有 summit(顶峰)。

词汇家族

sum → summary(n. 摘要;adj. 简略的)
sum → summing(v. 现在分词;合计)

必记高频搭配

the sum of …… 的总和

The sum of these numbers is twenty.

sum up 总结;概括

Let’s sum up what we have learned today.

a large sum of money 一大笔钱

He spent a large sum of money on new books.

in sum 总之;总而言之

In sum, we should keep our promise.

关键使用提醒

  1. 固定短语 sum up 中考写作、完形高频,表 “总结概括”。

    Please sum up the main idea of this short article.4
    请概括这篇短文的大意。
  2. a sum of money 固定搭配,表示 “一笔钱”。
  3. 变形注意:sum 过去式 summed,现在分词 summing,双写 m 再加后缀。

New words:

mislead [mɪsˈlid] v. 误导;引入歧途;使误信

原形:mislead
过去式 / 过去分词: misled /ˌmɪsˈled/
现在分词:misleading

详细词源拆解:

前缀 mis- 错误、坏 + 词根 lead 引导、带领;

本义 “往错误的方向带领”,引申为误导、欺骗、使产生错误想法。

词汇家族

lead(v. 引导)→ mislead(v. 错误引导)

mislead(v. 误导)→ misleading(adj. 误导性的;骗人的)

mislead → misleader(n. 误导他人者)


必记高频搭配

mislead sb 误导某人

Don’t let others mislead you easily.

mislead sb into doing sth 误导某人做某事

The lie misled him into making a wrong choice.

mislead others 欺骗他人

We should never lie to mislead others.

misleading (adj. 有误导性的)

We should stay away from those misleading words online.

New words:

rear [rɪr]

n. 后部;尾部;后方
adj. 后方的;后部的;后面的
v. 抚养;养育;饲养

详细词源拆解:

源自拉丁语 retro(向后、后方),本义指后面、尾部;

动词引申为 “把幼小生命从后方养育长大”,由此生出抚养、饲养;竖起、耸立多层含义。

词汇家族

rear(n./adj./v. 后部;抚养)→ rearing(n. 养育;饲养)

rear → rearward(adj./adv. 向后方的;在后面)


必记高频搭配

at the rear of 在…… 的后部

We sat at the rear of the classroom quietly.

rear door 后门

You can leave the house through the rear door.

rear seat 后座

Kids should sit in the rear seat of the car.

rear a child 抚养孩子

It takes much time to rear a child well.
Many families like to rear small animals in their free time.