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New words:

vinegar /ˈvɪnɪɡə(r)/ n. 醋

详细词源拆解:

拉丁语词根 vinum(葡萄酒)+ acre(酸的),字面含义 “发酸的酒”;
古代葡萄酒发酵变质后产生酸味液体,由此衍生出 “醋” 这个词义。

词汇家族

vinegar (n. 醋)
→ vinegary (adj. 醋味的;酸涩的)

必记高频搭配

a bottle of vinegar 一瓶醋

My mom buys a bottle of vinegar every month.

rice vinegar 米醋

Rice vinegar tastes soft and suits cold food.

apple vinegar 苹果醋

Many people drink apple vinegar for health.

vinegary (adj. 有醋味的,酸涩的) /ˈvɪnɪɡəri/

This sauce smells vinegary and fresh.
这款酱料带着淡淡的醋香,味道清爽。

关键使用提醒

  1. 可数性规则:单纯指 “醋” 这种液体为不可数,不能直接加 a /s

    错误:a vinegar /two vinegars
    正确:a bottle of vinegar /different kinds of vinegars
  2. 感官形容词搭配:

    sour vinegar 酸味浓郁的醋
  3. 固定饮食词汇区分:

    vinegar 醋;soy sauce 酱油;salt 盐;oil 油
  4. 写作拓展:

    vinegary 可用来形容酸涩口感、刺鼻酸味,书面描述食物可用。

vinegar

New words:

feature/ˈfiːtʃər/
n. 名词

特色;特征;特点(产品、地方、方案的优势属性)
五官;面部容貌(常用复数 features)
专题节目;特写;大片

v. 动词

以… 为特色;主打
由… 主演;重点刊登 / 展出

详细词源拆解:

源自拉丁语 factura(制作、样貌),原指人面部样貌;
后延伸为事物标志性特点;动词义 “以… 为特色、重点展出”。

词汇家族

feature (n. 特征;v. 以… 为特色)
→ featureless (adj. 无特色的,平淡无奇的)

必记高频搭配

main feature 主要特点

Low price is the main feature of this shop.

facial features 五官,面部轮廓

We can tell people’s age from their facial features.

feature film 故事长片,院线电影

We will watch a feature film after class today.

feature sb /sth 主打、以… 为亮点

The town features quiet streets and old small houses.

名词动词转换

The park’s key feature is lakes. = The park features many lakes.
公园的核心特色是湖泊 = 这座公园以多处湖泊为亮点。

featureless (adj. 毫无特色的)

This plain box is featureless and not popular.

关键使用提醒

  1. 名词复数考点:表五官必须用复数 features(facial features)
  2. 动词常用主动语态,不用被动;主语多为店铺、节目、产品

    The store features cheap sports clothes.(正确)
  3. 词义区分小技巧

    商品介绍 → 功能 / 特色;描述长相 → facial features;
    影视媒体 → 大片、专题;动词 → 主打、主演。
  4. 同义替换写作加分:feature (n.) = special characteristic 特色、亮点

New words:

recommend /ˌrekəˈmend/
v. 动词

推荐;举荐(书籍、店铺、人选、物品)
劝告;建议(采取某种行动)

详细词源拆解:

前缀 re-(再次)+ com(共同)+ mend(托付、称赞)
字面反复托付、极力夸赞;
引申两层核心义:①推荐好物;②劝告、建议做某事。

词汇家族

recommend (v. 推荐;建议)
→ recommendation (n. 推荐;建议;推荐信)
→ recommendable (adj. 值得推荐的)

必记高频搭配

recommend sth 推荐某物

I recommend this interesting storybook to my classmates.

recommend sb sth = recommend sth to sb 向某人推荐某物

She recommends me a cheap and nice pen.

recommend doing sth 建议做某事

Teachers recommend reading articles every morning.

recommend that … (should) do 建议……(虚拟语气)

I recommend that you (should) take more exercise.

recommendation (n. 建议,推荐) /ˌrekəmenˈdeɪʃn/

I follow my teacher’s recommendation and read more.

关键使用提醒

  1. 必考语法区分:
    ① recommend doing sth 建议做某事(主动提建议)
    ② recommend sb to do sth 推荐某人去做某事

    He recommends running every day.(建议跑步)
    He recommends me to join the running club.(推荐我加入跑步社团)
  2. 不能直接加人作宾语表 “建议某人做”,必须用 recommend sb to do,不可说 recommend sb doing。

New words:

despite /dɪˈspaɪt/

prep. 尽管;不管;不顾(表让步,后接名词、代词、doing)

详细词源拆解:

de(完全)+ spit(憎恨),本义 “不顾、无视(反感之事)”;
现代词义弱化,专表让步 “尽管、虽然”,后接名词 / 动名词,不能直接加完整句子。

必记高频搭配

despite + 名词 尽管……

He kept running despite the heavy rain.

despite doing sth 尽管做某事

She stayed calm despite feeling very nervous.

despite all odds 不顾一切困难(书面加分)

He succeeded despite all odds in his life.

同义替换结构转换

  1. despite + n. /doing = in spite of + n. /doing

    Despite tiredness, he studied hard.
    In spite of tiredness, he studied hard.
    尽管疲惫,他依旧努力学习。
  2. 若要接完整句子,需换成 although /though(连词)

    Despite the rain, we went out.
    Although it rained, we went out.
    尽管下雨,我们还是出门了。

关键使用提醒

  1. 语法硬性考点:despite 是介词,绝对不能加完整句子

    错误:Despite he was ill, he worked hard.
    正确:Despite his illness, he worked hard.
  2. 同义互换:despite = in spite of;though /although 只能互换从句句式
  3. 后接动作时,动词必须变为动名词 doing

    Despite losing the match, he smiled warmly.
  4. 写作提分:作文中用 despite 替代普通连词 though,提升书面高级感。

New words:

sufficient /səˈfɪʃnt/ adj. 足够的;充足的

详细词源拆解:

词根 suf-(在下,充分)+ fic(做)+ 形容词后缀 -ent
本义 “做得足够到位的”,指数量、程度能够满足需求,书面正式用词。

必记高频搭配

sufficient for sth 足够应付某物

The water here is sufficient for our daily use.

sufficient to do sth 足以做某事

This money is sufficient to buy a new schoolbag.

sufficiently (adv. 充分地)

He is sufficiently prepared for the coming exam.

sufficiency (n. 充足)

We have a sufficiency of books for reading.

关键使用提醒

  1. 固定搭配两种结构:

    ① sufficient + 名词 + for sth
    ② sufficient + 名词 + to do sth
  2. 语气区分:sufficient > enough,作文书面替换 enough 提升档次

    反义词:insufficient adj. 不足的,不够的
    Insufficient rest will make you tired easily.
    休息不足会让你很容易疲惫。
  3. 副词 sufficiently 修饰形容词、动词,置于被修饰词前

    She is sufficiently brave to speak in public.
    她足够勇敢,敢于当众发言。

sufficient