New words：

obtain /əbˈteɪn/ v. （经努力、正式渠道）获得，得到，获取

详细词源拆解：

前缀 ob-（朝向）+ 词根 tain（抓住、持有）；本义伸手抓住、拿到，引申为通过努力、途径获取事物。

词汇家族

obtain (v. 获取)
→ obtainable (adj. 可获得的，能得到的)
→ obtainment (n. 获得，取得)

Sample Sentences

You obtain good grades through daily hard work.
He obtained a prize in last week’s math contest.
You can obtain more knowledge by reading widely.

obtainable /əbˈteɪnəbl/ adj. 可获得的

All learning materials are easily obtainable here.

obtainment n. 获取，得到

The obtainment of the award made him very happy.

关键使用提醒

1. 及物动词，后面直接加宾语，无需多余介词

   We obtain valuable skills from group teamwork.
   我们在小组合作中习得宝贵技能。

2. 语体区分：obtain 书面正式，写作替换 get 提升文采

   You obtain better results if you review lessons daily.
   每日复习功课，你就能取得更好的成绩。

3. 形容词 obtainable 常作表语，搭配 be obtainable

   Free books are obtainable for every student.
   每位学生都能免费领取书籍。

New words：

tremble /ˈtrembl/
v.

（人）颤抖，发抖（冷、怕、激动）
（物体、地面）轻轻摇晃，震颤

n.

颤抖，战栗
轻微震动

详细词源拆解：

源自拉丁语 tremere（发抖、震颤），本义身体因恐惧、寒冷、激动抖动；后延伸物体轻微晃动。

词汇家族

tremble (v./n. 颤抖) → trembling (adj. 发抖的；震颤的)

Sample Sentences

tremble all over 浑身发抖

She trembled all over when seeing the big dog.
Her voice trembled as she told us the sad story.
The whole house trembled when the truck passed by.
My hands tremble when I stand on the stage to speak.

tremble with cold / fear / excitement 冷 / 害怕 / 激动得发抖

The little boy trembled with fear in the dark.

trembling (adj. 发抖的)

The trembling girl hid behind her mother tightly.

关键使用提醒

1.不及物动词，后常接介词 with 表发抖的原因

They trembled with excitement before winning the game.
比赛获胜前，他们激动得浑身发抖。

2.trembling 作形容词修饰人、声音、嘴唇、双手，阅读高频

He spoke in a trembling voice after failure.
失利后，他用颤抖的声音说话。

3.区分 shake 与 tremble：tremble 多为无意识轻微抖动；shake 可人为主动晃动

错误：I trembled the box to find the key.
正确：I shook the box to find the key.
我摇晃盒子寻找钥匙。

4.名词用法多为单数，常用搭配 a tremble of …一阵轻微颤抖

A tremble of fear passed through his body.
一阵恐惧的战栗传遍他的全身。

New words：

threatened /ˈθretnd/ adj. 受威胁的；被威胁的；濒危的
threatening /ˈθretnɪŋ/ adj. 凶险的，恐吓的；带有威胁意味的；（天气、局势）凶险的，预示灾祸的

必记高频搭配

threatened species 濒危物种

We protect all kinds of threatened wild species.

feel threatened 感到受到威胁

Small animals feel threatened when strangers come near.

threaten (v. 危及；恐吓)

Humans threaten animals, so many animals are threatened.

threatening look 凶狠吓人的神情

He gave me a threatening look and walked away.

threatening clouds 预示暴雨的乌云

Threatening clouds covered the whole sky at noon.

关键使用提醒

1. 核心区分考点：threatening（主动吓人）vs threatened（被动受害）
   threatened：自身受害；threatening：带来危险、恐吓别人

   The threatened rabbit ran from the threatening wolf.
   受惊的兔子逃离了充满攻击性的狼。

2. 动词用法：threatened 可作过去分词表被动 “受到威胁”

   The forest is threatened by uncontrolled cutting.
   这片森林因无节制砍伐而遭受破坏威胁。

3. threatening可修饰两类事物：
   ① 人的神情、言语、动作
② 乌云、风雨等恶劣天象

   Threatening thunder made little kids cry loudly.
   吓人的雷声吓得小朋友放声大哭。

4. 写作加分：替换 scary，形容冲突、灾害场景更正式

   We saw threatening waves near the seaside.
   我们在海边看见汹涌凶险的大浪。

New words：

threat /θret/ n.威胁，恐吓；凶兆；隐患
threaten [ˈθret(ə)n] v.威胁；危及；恐吓；扬言要；预示（坏事）即将发生

详细词源拆解：

古英语原生词，本义 “压制、威吓”；衍生动词后缀 -en 得到 threaten（v. 威胁）。
词义演变：恐吓的话语 → 危险、隐患；构成威胁的人 / 事物。

词汇家族

threat (n. 威胁，隐患)
→ threaten (v. 威胁；危及)
→ threatening (adj. 凶险的，恐吓的)
→ threatened (adj. 受威胁的)

必记高频搭配

a threat to … 对…… 的威胁

Noise pollution is a threat to our hearing.

under threat 受到威胁

Many wild animals are now under threat.

make a threat 发出恐吓

The bad boy made a threat to his deskmate.

threaten sb with sth 用某物威胁某人

He threatened me with breaking my new pen.
He threatened me with a stick to get my money.

threaten to do sth 威胁要做某事

She threatened to leave if we did not listen.

threaten sth/sb 危及某物 / 某人

Pollution threatens the lives of wild animals.

关键使用提醒

1. 表 “预示坏事来临” 时，主语多为天气、乌云、恶劣环境

   Black clouds threaten a terrible storm tonight.
   乌云预示今晚将有一场猛烈暴风雨。

New words：

launch /lɔːntʃ/
v. 动词

发射（火箭、卫星、飞船）
推出（产品、活动、项目）；发起（运动、宣传）
使（船）下水；起航
投入；开始从事

n. 名词

发射；升空
新品发布；活动启动
船舶下水仪式

详细词源拆解：

源自拉丁语 lancea（长矛），本义投掷长矛；后引申为 “抛出、发射”。

词义演变：

投掷飞行器 → 发射；推新品 → 推出、发起；放船下水 → 下水、起航。

词汇家族

launch (v./n. 发射；推出)
→ launching (n. 发射；新品发布)

必记高频搭配

launch a satellite 发射卫星

We will launch a new satellite to study space.

launch a campaign /activity 发起活动 / 宣传运动

Our school launches a campaign to save water.

launch a new product 推出新产品

The brand plans to launch a new product in July.

launch into sth 投入；马上着手做

He launches into homework right after school.

launching (n. 发射，启动)

The launching of the rocket was shown on TV live.

关键使用提醒

1. 高频短语 launch into sth 投入、立刻开始做某事

   After dinner, he launches into finishing his math exercises.
   晚饭后，他马上开始完成数学练习题。

2. 名词搭配：the launch of …… 的发布 / 发射（写作高频）

   We look forward to the launch of our school English club.
   我们十分期待校园英语社团正式成立。

3. 适用场景：正式书面词，新闻、科技、商业阅读高频出现，作文加分词

   Our city launched a volunteer activity last Sunday morning.
   上周日上午，我市开展了一场志愿者活动。